Abstract
The historical foundations of cancer risk assessment were based on the discovery of X-ray-induced gene mutations by
Hermann J. Muller, its transformation into the linear nonthreshold (LNT) single-hit theory, the recommendation of the model by
the US National Academy of Sciences, Biological Effects of Atomic Radiation I, Genetics Panel in 1956, and subsequent widespread
adoption by regulatory agencies worldwide. This article summarizes substantial recent historical revelations of this history, which
profoundly challenge the standard and widely acceptable history of cancer risk assessment, showing multiple significant scientific
errors and incorrect interpretations, mixed with deliberate misrepresentation of the scientific record by leading ideologically
motivated radiation geneticists. These novel historical findings demonstrate that the scientific foundations of the LNT single-hit
model were seriously flawed and should not have been adopted for cancer risk assessment.